- Cambridge University
- Oxford University
- University of Bologna
- University of al-Qarawiyyin
The oldest university in the world
Founded: 859 CE
Founder: Fatima al-Fihri
Recognition: Al-Qarawiyyin is considered by UNESCO and the Guinness World Records as the oldest university in the world that has existed continuously and grants degrees.
Nature: Originally a madrasa (Islamic religious school), it evolved to include broader subjects over time.
Founded: 1088 CE
Recognition: Regarded as the oldest university in the Western world and the first modern university in terms of institutional structure (faculties, degrees, secular teaching).
Nature: From its inception, it functioned as a higher learning institution with students and teachers organized into a formal academic structure.
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